Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle)

So called for the colour inside its bark - Red mangroves are recognizable for their arching prop roots. These roots extend from the main trunk and lateral branches, and grow towards the water until they reach the substrate. They are referred to as 'aerial roots' before they enter the water, and are referred to as 'prop roots' once they are in the substrate. The roots support the tree, take up nutrients and permit salt exclusion. Red mangrove leaves are elliptical and glossy, with a dark green topside and a paler dull green, sometimes with black spots, on the underside.

Propagules are the pencil-like red mangrove seedlings that start growing within the wall of the fruit. They continue to grow and sprout after floating on water. As the seed tip becomes weighed down by taking in water, the seed falls to the substrate and sends out roots.

Reds tend to grow the closest to the water. The prop roots help prevent coastal erosion, and smaller roots stabilize shifting substrate. The intertwined roots provide excellent habitat for juvenile and small fish, as well as other organisms such as oysters and crabs. Reds are the most susceptible to cutting. Since they only grow from the tips of branches and main stems (called 'apical meristems'), survival is doubtful when all the leaves and the apical meristem are removed.